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Despot Stefan Lazarević

The Life and Deeds of the Ever-Remembered Despot Stefan

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came. He took that land with little fighting beneath certain cities; coming beneath Scutari (Skadar), he besieged it; the Venetians came (and) concluded peace (with the Despot). He sent the commander Vitko to Venice, and he himself returned, leaving part of the army to besiege the city, and came to his home.

79. From Prague came the report that (some) had risen against the king, their lord, and had separated the Czech land from the Hungarian; and the heresy called Hus130 arose and grew strong; of them /the Hussites/ some say that they are close to Orthodoxy; and that this Hus had been in Jerusalem on pilgrimage to the holy places, that he came to (Mount) Sinai, on which the Lord spoke with Moses. There (on Sinai) he lived with the brethren in the monastery and from them learned of the Orthodox teaching. Here he also learned the Greek script and returned to his own land. Then Greek writings too were found in a great library, and he, being a rhetor,131 studied them all. They say that at the council before the pope, with whom he was in dispute (and where) he also disputed about the priestly order, he said this: "This law brings great misfortune. None of the saints, from the (very) beginning, forbade priests to marry. It happened, (namely), once, in a great village, that someone brought a widow from one side, and another from the other, and the one bore a son and the other a daughter. When the children grew up, the brother, not knowing, took his sister to wife. When he said this and much else to the fathers, they killed him and burned him (at the stake)." And this (Hus) had a multitude of disciples, who grew (very) powerful. While this was happening, the king asked the Despot to send him a small chosen army, and since it was the winter season, that they should frighten them (i.e., the Hussites) (merely) by the ordinary report (that the Despot's army was coming). And so it was. When they came, they drove back the Hussites who had been pursuing and plundering them. (The Hussites) had spread so far that they very nearly reached Buda itself. At that time there died in Belgrade the Tsar Konstantin, son of the Bulgarian tsar Stracimir, while the Despot was still among the Albanians. (Konstantin) had lived there, having come from Hungary. The most pious (Despot) lamented him as a brother born (and) gave away much for (the repose of) his soul. This was in the year 6930 (1422).

80. Something must be said again also of the eastern (rulers) and how (everything with them) came to an end. When the sultan died in Adrianople, as we said earlier, and when all the grandees and

  1. The heresy called Hus - Jan Hus (1372–1415), the great Czech church reformer. A follower of the English thinker and theologian John Wycliffe (1330–1384), who in the dispute of the English king with the pope defended the national interests of England, opposing the payment of taxes to the pope as well as the pope's interference in the internal affairs of the English kingdom. His famous works are: On Divine Dominion, On Civil Dominion, On the Truth of Holy Scripture, etc.). Hus wrote the celebrated work On the Church (De ecclesia), in the spirit of Wycliffe's teaching. He held that Holy Scripture is the only authority, that it stands above both pope and council. In Bohemia too there reigned a schism between the king and the spiritual authority, and Hus, as well as the University at whose Faculty of Philosophy he was dean, took the side of the king. The pope proclaimed a crusade against Hus, and the Czech king Sigismund, alarmed by the unrest that had broken out, convened the council in Constance in 1414. Hus was guaranteed safety if he came to the council and explained his teaching. He did so, but was arrested, notwithstanding the promises. He admitted no guilt whatever, saying "... the chief aim of my preaching was to turn men away from sin. And in that truth which I preached in accordance with the Gospel of Jesus Christ and the interpretation of the holy teachers, I gladly wish to die today." He was burned at the stake in the month of July 1415. His followers are known by the name Hussites.
  2. Rhetor - an orator, a speaker.